Thursday, December 20, 2007



A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface , which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from below the surface. Volcanic activity involving the extrusion of rock tends to form mountains or features like mountains over a period of time.

Volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are pulled apart or come together. Amid-oceanic ridge, for example theMid-Atlantic Ridge, has examples of volcanoes caused by "divergent tectonic plates" pulling apart; the pacific ring of fire has examples of volcanoes caused by "convergent tectonic plates" coming together.

By contrast, volcanoes are usually not created where two tectonic plates slide past one another. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the earths crust (called "non-hotspot intraplate volcanism"), such as in the Afican Rift Valley, theWell Gray-Clearwater and theRio Grande Rift in North America and the EuropeanRhine Graben with its Eifel volcanoes.

Volcanoes can be caused by mantle plumes. These so-called "hotspots" , for example at Haiwaiii, can occur far from plate boundaries. Hotspot volcanoes are also found elsewhere in the solar system especially on rocky planets and moons.



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